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Microsoft Azure Fundamentals AZ-900 Concepts

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Question 1

Which of the following BEST describes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

Answer choices

  • A. The cloud provider manages the application, database, middleware, and OS — the customer only manages data

  • B. The cloud provider provides virtualized hardware (compute, storage, networking) — the customer manages OS, middleware, and applications (Correct)

  • C. The cloud provider delivers a complete software application over the internet

  • D. The customer owns and manages all hardware in a private data center

Explanation

Cloud service models: IaaS — provider manages: physical datacenter, networking, virtualization hardware. Customer manages: OS, middleware, runtime, applications, data. Example: Azure Virtual Machines. PaaS — provider also manages OS and middleware. Customer manages: applications and data. Example: Azure App Service. SaaS — provider manages everything. Customer uses: data. Example: Microsoft 365, Salesforce. The shared responsibility shifts from customer toward the cloud provider as you move from IaaS → PaaS → SaaS.

Question 2

A "public cloud" deployment model means all cloud resources are shared with other organizations (multi-tenant) and owned by the cloud provider.

Answer choices

  • A. True (Correct)

  • B. False

Explanation

Public cloud (e.g., Azure, AWS, GCP) resources are owned and operated by the cloud provider and shared among multiple customers (multi-tenant). Customers pay for what they use with no capital expense. Private cloud resources are dedicated to one organization (either in their own datacenter or hosted privately). Hybrid cloud combines public and private clouds. Multi-cloud uses services from multiple cloud providers. Public cloud provides the greatest scalability, elasticity, and no infrastructure management burden for customers.

Question 3

What is Azure Service Health?

Answer choices

  • A. A monitoring tool for tracking CPU and memory utilization of Azure VMs

  • B. A personalized dashboard that provides Azure service status, planned maintenance, and alerts specific to your Azure resources and regions (Correct)

  • C. An Azure compliance portal for viewing certification reports

  • D. A cost management tool for monitoring spending

Explanation

Azure Service Health (portal.azure.com → Service Health) provides: Active Events — ongoing Azure outages or degradations affecting your resources; Health Advisories — changes requiring your attention (deprecated features, required actions); Planned Maintenance — scheduled maintenance that may affect availability; Resource Health — status of specific individual resources (VM running/stopped/degraded). It is different from the Azure Status Page (azure.status.microsoft) which shows global Azure health. Service Health alerts can be configured to notify via email, SMS, or webhook.

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of Azure Cost Management + Billing?

Answer choices

  • A. To purchase Azure Reserved Instances automatically when costs exceed a threshold

  • B. To monitor, allocate, and optimize cloud spending across subscriptions and resource groups (Correct)

  • C. To generate compliance reports for regulatory audits

  • D. To automatically scale resources when budget limits are reached

Explanation

Azure Cost Management + Billing provides: cost analysis dashboards, spending trends, budgets with alerts (notify or take automated action when spending reaches thresholds), cost allocation by tag/resource group/subscription, and optimization recommendations (right-sizing, Reserved Instance recommendations). It does NOT automatically purchase RIs or scale resources — those actions require separate configuration. For AZ-900, understanding that Azure provides cost visibility tools, that Reserved Instances/Savings Plans reduce costs for committed usage, and that cost management is a shared responsibility is essential.

Question 5

Azure Availability Zones are physically separate locations within an [[blank1]] region. Each zone has independent power, [[blank2]], and [[blank3]] to provide high availability.

Deploying resources across multiple availability zones protects against [[blank4]]-level failures (not regional failures).

Explanation

Availability Zones (AZs) are distinct physical datacenters within a single Azure region — each has its own independent power, cooling, and networking infrastructure. A minimum of 3 AZs exist in regions that support them. Deploying VMs or databases across 3 AZs protects against a single datacenter failure (fire, flood, power outage within one zone). For protection against an entire region failing, geo-redundant replication to a paired region is used. Azure SLA for VMs across 2+ AZs = 99.99% uptime.